[Linux] curl 명령어 옵션과 사용 방법 (웹 요청 명령어)

윈도우, 리눅스에서 모두 사용 가능한 웹요청 명령어 curl 사용법

 

개요

cURL
명령행 기반 웹 요청 도구. 특히 REST 애플리케이션을 개발 테스트시에 유용하게 사용할 수 있다.

curl 공식 홈페이지 : http://curl.haxx.se/

curl

 

curl의 여러 옵션들에 대해서 알아보겠습니다.

아래는 curl에서 사용 가능한 사용 가능한 다양한 옵션들입니다.

 

curl 옵션

-X : 사용할 방식 메소드 선택하기
-d : 함께 전달할 파라미터값 설정하기
-G : 전송할 사이트 url 및 ip 주소
-H : 헤더 정보를 전달하기
-I : 사이트의 Header 정보만 가져오기
-i : 사이트의 Header와 바디 정보를 함께 가져오기
-u : 사용자 정보

 

GET

curl -v 기타 옵션 : 디버깅을 위해 요청과 응답 헤더까지 모두 표시

curl http://www.xxx.com : 일반 GET 요청
-I : 헤더만 가져오기
-i : 헤더와 바디까지 가져오기

 

​POST

​curl -d "param1=ABC" www.호스트.com

URL 인코딩된 파라미터를 앞에 쓰고, 그 뒤에 POST를 처리하는 주소를 넣는다.
파라미터는 무조건 먼저 인코딩 된 상태여야 한다.

POST의 Content-Type 은 application/x-www-form-urlencoded 이다.

 

 

파일 업로드

​curl -F upload=@파일명 -F press=OK www.호스트.com

-F 폼필드명=@파일명
-F 폼필드명=폼필드값

Content-Type 은 multipart/form-data

 

PUT

curl -T 업로드할파일명 www.호스트.com

 

DELETE

​curl -X DELETE www.data.com/resources/223

-X 는 요청을 보내는 method를 직접 지정해주는 옵션이다.

 

Authentication

​Basic Auth : curl -u username:password www.호스트.com

 

 

간단한 Tomcat Context Reload 스크립트
curl -u TomcatAdmin계정:비밀번호 localhost:8080/manager/html/reload?path=/

 

​서버의 인증 방식에 따라 다음 옵션 가능
--ntlm
--digest
--negotiate
--anyauth

 

 

프록시 인증

​curl -U proxyuser:proxypassword curl.호스트

--proxy-ntlm
--proxy-digest

 

Referer 지정

curl -e http://리퍼러주소 호스트

 

User Agent 지정

curl -A "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.01; Windows NT 5.0)" http://www.호스트

 

Redirect

​curl -L www.호스트.com

curl은 기본적으로 Redirect Header를 무시한다.
-L 을 붙이면 redirect 요청을 따라서 다음 페이지로 간다.
-d/-F 옵션을 통해 POST/PUT 요청등을 보내고 나서 redirect가 실행된다면 첫번째 요청은 POST/PUT으로 처리하고, 리다이렉트는 GET으로 처리한다.

 

Cookies

curl -b "name=ABC" www.cookiesite.com

 

​Cookie key=value 쌍을 서버로 전송한다.
curl -D headers_and_cookies www.cookiesite.com

headers_and_cookies 파일로 헤더 정보다 모두 저장된다.
헤더 정보에는 쿠키 정보도 포함되어 있다.

 

curl -b stored_cookies www.cookiesite.com
stored_cookies 파일에 저장된 쿠키 정보를 서버로 전송한다.

 

curl -b 존재하지않는파일명 -L www.cookiesite.com
서버에서 전송한 쿠키를 리다이렉트하면서 서버측에 재전송한다.

 

curl -b cookies.txt -c newcookies.txt www.cookiesite.com
-b cookies.txt 는 이미 존재하는 쿠키 파일(Mozilla 호환)을 읽어서 서버에 전송하는 것이고,
-c newcookies.txt 는 새로 새성된 쿠키를 파일로 저장하는 것이다.

 

기타 파라미터

-X 메소드
-X 뒤에 지정된 메소드 GET/POST/PUT/DELETE/HEAD/PROPFIND 등으로 요청을 수행한다.
-H "Content-Type: text/xml" 헤더 값을 지정한다.
-H "Host:" 헤더 값을 삭제한다.

 

 

curl --help

Usage: curl [options...] <url>

Options: (H) means HTTP/HTTPS only, (F) means FTP only

--anyauth Pick "any" authentication method (H)

-a, --append Append to target file when uploading (F/SFTP)

--basic Use HTTP Basic Authentication (H)

--cacert FILE CA certificate to verify peer against (SSL)

--capath DIR CA directory to verify peer against (SSL)

-E, --cert CERT[:PASSWD] Client certificate file and password (SSL)

--cert-type TYPE Certificate file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)

--ciphers LIST SSL ciphers to use (SSL)

--compressed Request compressed response (using deflate or gzip)

-K, --config FILE Specify which config file to read

--connect-timeout SECONDS Maximum time allowed for connection

-C, --continue-at OFFSET Resumed transfer offset

-b, --cookie STRING/FILE String or file to read cookies from (H)

-c, --cookie-jar FILE Write cookies to this file after operation (H)

--create-dirs Create necessary local directory hierarchy

--crlf Convert LF to CRLF in upload

--crlfile FILE Get a CRL list in PEM format from the given file

-d, --data DATA HTTP POST data (H)

--data-ascii DATA HTTP POST ASCII data (H)

--data-binary DATA HTTP POST binary data (H)

--data-urlencode DATA HTTP POST data url encoded (H)

--delegation STRING GSS-API delegation permission

--digest Use HTTP Digest Authentication (H)

--disable-eprt Inhibit using EPRT or LPRT (F)

--disable-epsv Inhibit using EPSV (F)

-D, --dump-header FILE Write the headers to this file

--egd-file FILE EGD socket path for random data (SSL)

--engine ENGINGE Crypto engine (SSL). "--engine list" for list

-f, --fail Fail silently (no output at all) on HTTP errors (H)

-F, --form CONTENT Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)

--form-string STRING Specify HTTP multipart POST data (H)

--ftp-account DATA Account data string (F)

--ftp-alternative-to-user COMMAND String to replace "USER [name]" (F)

--ftp-create-dirs Create the remote dirs if not present (F)

--ftp-method [MULTICWD/NOCWD/SINGLECWD] Control CWD usage (F)

--ftp-pasv Use PASV/EPSV instead of PORT (F)

-P, --ftp-port ADR Use PORT with given address instead of PASV (F)

--ftp-skip-pasv-ip Skip the IP address for PASV (F)

--ftp-pret Send PRET before PASV (for drftpd) (F)

--ftp-ssl-ccc Send CCC after authenticating (F)

--ftp-ssl-ccc-mode ACTIVE/PASSIVE Set CCC mode (F)

--ftp-ssl-control Require SSL/TLS for ftp login, clear for transfer (F)

-G, --get Send the -d data with a HTTP GET (H)

-g, --globoff Disable URL sequences and ranges using {} and []

-H, --header LINE Custom header to pass to server (H)

-I, --head Show document info only

-h, --help This help text

--hostpubmd5 MD5 Hex encoded MD5 string of the host public key. (SSH)

-0, --http1.0 Use HTTP 1.0 (H)

--ignore-content-length Ignore the HTTP Content-Length header

-i, --include Include protocol headers in the output (H/F)

-k, --insecure Allow connections to SSL sites without certs (H)

--interface INTERFACE Specify network interface/address to use

-4, --ipv4 Resolve name to IPv4 address

-6, --ipv6 Resolve name to IPv6 address

-j, --junk-session-cookies Ignore session cookies read from file (H)

--keepalive-time SECONDS Interval between keepalive probes

--key KEY Private key file name (SSL/SSH)

--key-type TYPE Private key file type (DER/PEM/ENG) (SSL)

--krb LEVEL Enable Kerberos with specified security level (F)

--libcurl FILE Dump libcurl equivalent code of this command line

--limit-rate RATE Limit transfer speed to this rate

-l, --list-only List only names of an FTP directory (F)

--local-port RANGE Force use of these local port numbers

-L, --location Follow redirects (H)

--location-trusted like --location and send auth to other hosts (H)

-M, --manual Display the full manual

--mail-from FROM Mail from this address

--mail-rcpt TO Mail to this receiver(s)

--mail-auth AUTH Originator address of the original email

--max-filesize BYTES Maximum file size to download (H/F)

--max-redirs NUM Maximum number of redirects allowed (H)

-m, --max-time SECONDS Maximum time allowed for the transfer

--metalink Process given URLs as metalink XML file

--negotiate Use HTTP Negotiate Authentication (H)

-n, --netrc Must read .netrc for user name and password

--netrc-optional Use either .netrc or URL; overrides -n

--netrc-file FILE Set up the netrc filename to use

-N, --no-buffer Disable buffering of the output stream

--no-keepalive Disable keepalive use on the connection

--no-sessionid Disable SSL session-ID reusing (SSL)

--noproxy List of hosts which do not use proxy

--ntlm Use HTTP NTLM authentication (H)

-o, --output FILE Write output to <file> instead of stdout

--pass PASS Pass phrase for the private key (SSL/SSH)

--post301 Do not switch to GET after following a 301 redirect (H)

--post302 Do not switch to GET after following a 302 redirect (H)

--post303 Do not switch to GET after following a 303 redirect (H)

-#, --progress-bar Display transfer progress as a progress bar

--proto PROTOCOLS Enable/disable specified protocols

--proto-redir PROTOCOLS Enable/disable specified protocols on redirect

-x, --proxy [PROTOCOL://]HOST[:PORT] Use proxy on given port

--proxy-anyauth Pick "any" proxy authentication method (H)

--proxy-basic Use Basic authentication on the proxy (H)

--proxy-digest Use Digest authentication on the proxy (H)

--proxy-negotiate Use Negotiate authentication on the proxy (H)

--proxy-ntlm Use NTLM authentication on the proxy (H)

-U, --proxy-user USER[:PASSWORD] Proxy user and password

--proxy1.0 HOST[:PORT] Use HTTP/1.0 proxy on given port

-p, --proxytunnel Operate through a HTTP proxy tunnel (using CONNECT)

--pubkey KEY Public key file name (SSH)

-Q, --quote CMD Send command(s) to server before transfer (F/SFTP)

--random-file FILE File for reading random data from (SSL)

-r, --range RANGE Retrieve only the bytes within a range

--raw Do HTTP "raw", without any transfer decoding (H)

-e, --referer Referer URL (H)

-J, --remote-header-name Use the header-provided filename (H)

-O, --remote-name Write output to a file named as the remote file

--remote-name-all Use the remote file name for all URLs

-R, --remote-time Set the remote file's time on the local output

-X, --request COMMAND Specify request command to use

--resolve HOST:PORT:ADDRESS Force resolve of HOST:PORT to ADDRESS

--retry NUM Retry request NUM times if transient problems occur

--retry-delay SECONDS When retrying, wait this many seconds between each

--retry-max-time SECONDS Retry only within this period

-S, --show-error Show error. With -s, make curl show errors when they occur

-s, --silent Silent mode. Don't output anything

--socks4 HOST[:PORT] SOCKS4 proxy on given host + port

--socks4a HOST[:PORT] SOCKS4a proxy on given host + port

--socks5 HOST[:PORT] SOCKS5 proxy on given host + port

--socks5-basic Enable username/password auth for SOCKS5 proxies

--socks5-gssapi Enable GSS-API auth for SOCKS5 proxies

--socks5-hostname HOST[:PORT] SOCKS5 proxy, pass host name to proxy

--socks5-gssapi-service NAME SOCKS5 proxy service name for gssapi

--socks5-gssapi-nec Compatibility with NEC SOCKS5 server

-Y, --speed-limit RATE Stop transfers below speed-limit for 'speed-time' secs

-y, --speed-time SECONDS Time for trig speed-limit abort. Defaults to 30

--ssl Try SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP)

--ssl-reqd Require SSL/TLS (FTP, IMAP, POP3, SMTP)

-2, --sslv2 Use SSLv2 (SSL)

-3, --sslv3 Use SSLv3 (SSL)

--ssl-allow-beast Allow security flaw to improve interop (SSL)

--stderr FILE Where to redirect stderr. - means stdout

--tcp-nodelay Use the TCP_NODELAY option

-t, --telnet-option OPT=VAL Set telnet option

--tftp-blksize VALUE Set TFTP BLKSIZE option (must be >512)

-z, --time-cond TIME Transfer based on a time condition

-1, --tlsv1 Use => TLSv1 (SSL)

--tlsv1.0 Use TLSv1.0 (SSL)

--tlsv1.1 Use TLSv1.1 (SSL)

--tlsv1.2 Use TLSv1.2 (SSL)

--trace FILE Write a debug trace to the given file

--trace-ascii FILE Like --trace but without the hex output

--trace-time Add time stamps to trace/verbose output

--tr-encoding Request compressed transfer encoding (H)

-T, --upload-file FILE Transfer FILE to destination

--url URL URL to work with

-B, --use-ascii Use ASCII/text transfer

-u, --user USER[:PASSWORD] Server user and password

--tlsuser USER TLS username

--tlspassword STRING TLS password

--tlsauthtype STRING TLS authentication type (default SRP)

--unix-socket FILE Connect through this UNIX domain socket

-A, --user-agent STRING User-Agent to send to server (H)

-v, --verbose Make the operation more talkative

-V, --version Show version number and quit

-w, --write-out FORMAT What to output after completion

--xattr Store metadata in extended file attributes

-q If used as the first parameter disables .curlrc